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Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER General Description
The AP3101 is a green PWM controller operating in current mode. It is specially designed for off-line ACDC adapter and battery charger applications where the needs for low standby power and better protection function are increasing. The AP3101 features adjustable oscillator frequency in normal operation, which is done by an external resistor. It automatically switches to skip cycle mode when output power drops below a given level. The IC also features low start-up and operation current for its BiCMOS process. The AP3101 provides comprehensive protection features including leading edge blanking, synchronized slope compensation, over-current, over-temperature and short circuit protection. The AP3101 is available in 2 packages: SOIC-8 and DIP-8.
AP3101 Features
* * * * * * * * * * * Green Current Mode PWM Controller Adjustable Skip Level Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) Cycle by Cycle Current Limit Built-in Short Circuit Protection Built-in Synchronized Slope Compensation Low Start-up/Operating Current: 30A/3mA Adjustable Oscillator Frequency Totem Pole Output Including Soft Driving Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) Accurate Over-Temperature Protection with Hysteresis
Applications
* * Off-line AC-DC Adapter Battery Charger Applications
SOIC-8
DIP-8
Figure 1. Package Types of AP3101
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 1
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Pin Configuration AP3101
M/P Package (SOIC-8/DIP-8)
GND FB VIN RI 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 GATE VCC SENSE ADJ
Figure 2. Pin Configuration of AP3101 (Top View)
Pin Description
Pin Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pin Name GND FB VIN RI ADJ SENSE VCC GATE Power ground Feedback Start-up current in Reference setting Adjust the level of skip cycle Current sense The positive supply of the control IC Driver output Function
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 2
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Functional Block Diagram AP3101
VCC
GND
1
Q D CLK RB OSC Short circuit Protection 6V OTP Skip Cycle 4R R 6V PWM ON/OFF Driver
8
GATE
RI
4
5
ADJ
VIN
3
Internal Bias 2R
2
FB
VCC
7
UVLO 16V/10V 0.85V Slope Current Limit Compensation
R
LEB
6
SENSE
Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram of AP3101
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 3
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Ordering Information AP3101
AP3101 Circuit Type Package P: DIP-8 M: SOIC-8
E1: Lead Free TR: Tape and Reel Blank: Tube
Package DIP-8 SOIC-8
Temperature Range -40 to 85oC -40 to 85oC
Part Number AP3101P-E1 AP3101M-E1 AP3101MTR-E1
Marking ID AP3101P-E1 3101M-E1 3101M-E1
Packing Type Tube Tube Tape & Reel
BCD Semiconductor's Pb-free products, as designated with "E1" suffix in the part number, are RoHS compliant.
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 4
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Parameter Supply Voltage Gate Output Current Input Voltage to FB Input Voltage to SENSE Input Voltage to RI Input Voltage to ADJ Operating Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range ESD (Human Body Model) ESD (Machine Model) Power Dissipation at TA<25oC Thermal Resistance Ambient) (Junction to DIP-8 Package PD SOIC-8 Package DIP-8 Package RJA SOIC-8 Package 186 550 83
oC/W
AP3101
Symbol VCC IO
Value 30 600 -0.3 to 7 -0.3 to 7 -0.3 to 7 -0.3 to 7 150
Unit V mA V V V V
oC oC
TSTG
-65 to 150 4 400 1350
kV V mW
Note 1: Stresses greater than those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "Recommended Operating Conditions" is not implied. Exposure to "Absolute Maximum Ratings" for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter Operating Ambient Temperature Supply Voltage Symbol
TA VCC
Min -40
Max 85 20
Unit
o
C V
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 5
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Electrical Characteristics
(VCC=15V, TA=25oC, unless otherwise specified.)
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT SECTION Start-up Voltage Minimum Operating Voltage VTHON VTHOFF VCC=14.8V ICC DMAX DMIN fOSC RI=26k VCC=10 to 20V TA=-40 oC to 85 oC 60 65 VFB=VSENSE=0V, CL=1nF 70 15 9 16 10 17 11 V V A mA % %
AP3101
TOTAL STANDBY CURRENT SECTION Start-up Current Operating Current PWM SECTION Maximum Duty Cycle Minimum Duty Cycle OSCILLATOR SECTION Oscillation Frequency Frequency Change with Voltage Temperature Stability FEEDBACK INPUT SECTION The Ratio of Input Voltage to Current Sense Voltage Input Impedance Source Current Input Voltage for Zero Duty CURRENT SENSE SECTION Threshold Voltage Delay to Output The Delay Time of Short Circuit Protection OUTPUT SECTION Low Level Voltage High Level Voltage Rise Time Fall Time VOL VOH tR tF IO=200mA, VCC=12V IO=50mA, VCC=12V VCC=13V, CL=1nF VCC=13V, CL=1nF 8 150 30 250 50 350 90 1.5 V V ns ns RI=26k VTH 0.8 0.85 150 23 0.9 200 V ns ms 2.5 3 3 4.5 3.5 6 -2 1.2 V/V k mA V 70 2 5 kHz % % 80 90 0 30 3 45 4
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 6
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Parameter SKIP CYCLE SECTION Default Skip Level Leading Edge Blank OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION SECTION Shutdown Temperature Temperature Hysteresis 155 25
o o
AP3101
Symbol VSKIP
Conditions
Min
Typ 1.2
Max
Unit V
200
270
350
ns
C C
Typical Performance Characteristics
66
40
Oscillator Frequency (kHz)
65
36
Start-up Current (A)
32
64
28
63
24
62
20
61 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
16 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Figure 4. Oscillator Frequency vs. Ambient Temperature
Figure 5. Start-up Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 7
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) AP3101
4.4 4.2 4.0
16.3 16.2 16.1
Operating Current (mA)
3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 -40
Start-up Voltage (V)
-20 0 20 40 60
o
16.0 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.6 15.5 15.4 15.3 -40
80
100
120
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Figure 6. Operating Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Figure 7. Start-up Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
10.2
86 84
Minimum Operating Voltage (V)
10.1
82 80
Duty Cycle (%)
-20 0 20 40 60
o
10.0
78 76 74 72 70 68
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.6 -40
80
100
120
66 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Figure 8. Minimum Operating Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
Figure 9. Duty Cycle vs. Ambient Temperature
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 8
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) AP3101
1.26
135
1.24
120
Oscillator Frequency (kHz)
-20 0 20 40 60
o
105
Skip Level (V)
1.22
90
1.20
75
1.18
60
1.16
45
1.14 -40
80
100
120
30 12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Timing Resistor (k)
Figure 10. Skip Level vs. Ambient Temperature
Figure 11. Oscillator Frequency vs. Timing Resistor
Operation Description
The AP3101 is specially designed for off-line AC-DC adapter and battery charger applications. It offers the designer a cost effective solution with minimal external components. Oscillator The oscillation frequency is programmed by the value of resistor R1 connected from pin RI to ground. The resistor will make a constant current source to determine the oscillation frequency by charging and discharging an internal capacitor. The oscillation frequency can be expressed as: very high resistance value even in 85V line voltage; however, higher resistance will cause longer start-up time. So we must select a proper start-up resistor and a proper VCC hold-up capacitor. Operating current is lowered to 3mA. It can reduce the requirement of VCC hold-up capacitor value and the power loss in AP3101. Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) An UVLO comparator is included in AP3101 to detect the voltage on the VCC pin. It ensures AP3101 to draw adequate energy from hold-up capacitor during power on. The turn-on threshold is 16V and the turnoff threshold is 10V. Current Sense Comparator and PWM Latch AP3101 operates as a current mode controller, the output switch conduction is initiated by every oscillator cycle and terminated when the peak inductor current reaches the threshold level established by the FB pin. The inductor current signal is converted to a voltage signal by inserting a referenced sense resistor RS
f
1690 (kHz ) R1(k)
The recommended oscillation frequency is 50 to 100 kHz. Start-up Current and Operating Current The typical start-up current is only 30A. With such a low start-up current, the start-up resistor may have a Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 9
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Operation Description (Continued)
in series with the source of the MOSFET. The peak inductor current under normal operating conditions is controlled by the voltage at FB pin: Short Circuit Protection Built-in short circuit protection can protect a SMPS from being damaged when short circuit of output or over load conditions happen. The feedback voltage will keep its value above its upper limit of 4.2V as long as short circuit exists, and then gate driver will be turned off after fixed delay time of 23 ms. When VCC of AP3101 dropped under the minimum operating voltage, the device will be turned off and the system will try to restart. The SMPS will not recover its normal operation until the short circuit or over load is removed. Green Mode Operation ADJ pin is the non-inverting input of skip cycle comparator. The voltage at FB pin minus 0.9V is compared with the voltage at ADJ pin. If the voltage at ADJ pin is larger, AP3101 will start to blank its output pulse. In normal operation, AP3101 works at fixed switching frequency, and VFB is in high level. When load power becomes lighter, the VFB will decrease. When VFB drops to the threshold, AP3101 will enter the skip cycle mode and operate intermittently. The threshold is adjustable by changing the value of the resistor connected from pin ADJ to the ground.
AP3101
I pk = (VFB - 0.9) / 3RS
Abnormal operating conditions occur when the power supply output is overloaded or the output voltage sensing is lost. Under these conditions, the current sense comparator threshold will be internally clamped to 0.85V. Therefore the maximum peak switch current is:
I PK (max) = 0.85 / RS
Leading Edge Blanking A narrow spike on the leading edge of the current waveform can usually be observed when the power MOSFET is turned on. A 270 ns leading-edge blank is built-in to prevent the false-triggering caused by the turn-on spike; so the RC filter on the current sense input can be removed. During this period, the current limit comparator is disabled and the gate driver can not be switched off. Built-in Slope Compensation It is well known that a continuous current mode SMPS may become unstable when the duty cycle exceeds 50%. The built-in slope compensation can improve the stability, so there is no need for design engineer to spend much time on that.
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 10
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Typical Application
NTC BD1 R1 1.2M C1 R2 100F 100k C2 2nF D1 FR107 C3 22F R3 6.2 R4 20 D2 FR107 R9 10 C5 1000pF T D3 C6 1000F L2 8H C7 470F 12V/3A
AP3101
J1
J2
Q1 7N60 R10 9.5k R11 2.5k R12 1k U1 AP3101 Q2 AZ431
C8 0.1F R7 4.7k 8 7 6 5 R6 0.5
GATE VCC SENSE ADJ
GND 1
FB 2
VIN 3
RI 4 R8 27k U2 p521 4 3 1 2
R13 620
Figure 12. Typical Application of AP3101
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 11
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Mechanical Dimensions SOIC-8 Unit: mm(inch) AP3101
4.700(0.185) 5.100(0.201) 7
1.350(0.053) 1.750(0.069)
0.320(0.013)
8
7
8
0.675(0.027) 0.725(0.029)
D
5.800(0.228) 6.200(0.244)
D 20:1
1.270(0.050) TYP
0.100(0.004) 0.300(0.012) R0.150(0.006)
0.800(0.031)
0.200(0.008)
1.000(0.039) 3.800(0.150) 4.000(0.157)
0 8
0.330(0.013) 0.510(0.020)
0.190(0.007) 0.250(0.010) 0.900(0.035)
1 5
R0.150(0.006)
0.450(0.017) 0.800(0.031)
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 12
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Preliminary Datasheet GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER Mechanical Dimensions (Continued) DIP-8 Unit: mm(inch) AP3101
0.700(0.028) 7.620(0.300)TYP 1.524(0.060) TYP
6
6
5
3.710(0.146) 4.310(0.170) 4
3.200(0.126) 3.600(0.142)
4
3.000(0.118) 3.600(0.142)
0.510(0.020)MIN
0.254(0.010)TYP 0.360(0.014) 0.560(0.022) 2.540(0.100) TYP 0.130(0.005)MIN
0.204(0.008) 0.360(0.014) 8.200(0.323) 9.400(0.370)
R0.750(0.030) 3.000(0.118) Depth 0.100(0.004) 0.200(0.008) 9.000(0.354) 9.400(0.370)
6.200(0.244) 6.600(0.260)
Apr. 2007 Rev. 1. 3 13
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
http://www.bcdsemi.com
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